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Sangley (English plural: Sangleys; Spanish plural: Sangleyes) and Mestizo de Sangley (Sangley mestizo, mestisong Sangley, chino mestizo or Chinese mestizo) are archaic terms used in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era to describe respectively a person of pure overseas Chinese ancestry or a person of mixed Chinese and native Filipino ancestry. The Sangley Chinese were ancestors to both modern Chinese Filipinos and modern Filipino mestizo descendants of the Mestizos de Sangley. (These were Chinese mestizos, mixed descendants of Sangley Chinese and native Filipinos), who were mestizos (mixed peoples) under the Spanish colonial empire, classified together with other Filipino mestizos.
The Spanish had such categories as indios (Spanish: indio, lit. 'Indian' for natives of the East Indies), mestizos de Español (descendants of colonial-era ethnic Spanish and native-born Filipinos), the tornatrás (Spanish-Chinese mestizos, descendants of colonial-era Spanish Filipinos and Sangley Chinese), the mestizos de Bombay (Indian mestizos, descendants of colonial-era Indian Filipinos and native Filipinos), mestizos de japoneses (Japanese mestizos, descendants of colonial-era Japanese Filipinos and native Filipinos), etc.
The overseas Chinese had entered the Philippines as traders prior to Spanish colonization. That development increased some work and business opportunities. Many emigrated to the Philippines, establishing concentrated communities first in Manila and throughout the island of Luzon, then in other cities and settlements throughout the archipelago from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
Other Filipino terms that refer to Chinese or Filipinos with overseas Chinese ancestry: